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Winged Cat Genetics

Base Colours (Sex-Linked)
There are several base colours: 'Ash Red' (B^A), 'Blue' (B⁺) and 'Brown' (b) are all members of the 'Coarse Distribution Pigments' Coarse Distribution Pigments mean that the cat will have a darker head and tail, while the rest of its body is a much paler colour. A second set of base colours on the same allele known as 'Smooth Distribution Pigments, which means that the cat are the same colour all over. They are 'Red' (O), Black (B), Smooth Brown (b^S) and Light Brown (b^l). Of these, Orange (O) is a special case: it is co-dominant, meaning that males with an Orange and another gene (say, Black,) will show both orange and black. Because females can only display one gene, they can only be Orange or another colour. All other patterns and effects interact with these base colours. Because these colours are sex-linked, males receive two of these genes and females receive one. For example, a male 'homozygous' (meaning possessing two of the same gene) for Ash Red would be described as B^A//B^A. A female 'hemizygous' (meaning possessing the single sex-linked gene needed to express the colour) would be described as B^A/-. The '-' symbol is what we use for all sex-linked genes in females of the winged cat species.
Orange _{(No image yet)}	O	Orange is the most dominant gene. When paired with any other base colour, O allows others to show through, similar to a Tortie. Because Orange is a Smooth Distribution Pigment, it will show up all over the Cat's body, but if paired with a Coarse Distribution Pigment, the other colour will only show through in the areas that it usually does (for Ash Red, in the head, and for Blue and Brown, at head and tail.)
Ash Red _{Ash Red Light Checker}	B^A	The second most dominant. When males are paired with a 'B⁺', 'B', 'b^S', 'b' or 'bl', 'B^A' will always be expressed. Ash Red is a Coarse Distribution Pigment, displaying a rusty reddish colour in the head and neck, with a buff, pale reddish-brown colour across the rest of the body. Some darker flecking may occur in the wings and tail, while the tail bar is very faint.
Black _{(No Image Yet)}	B^B	Black is the third most dominant of the base colour series, and is Smooth Distribution Pigment, meaning that the cat is black all over without variation between body and head. Note that pattern genes can affect this: an Agouti cat remains purely black, but tabby markings will cause a cat to have black markings and a brown body. The symbol for Black is B^B, which is recessive to Ash Red and Orange, but dominant over all the other base colours.
Blue _{Blue Bar}	B⁺	Blue is known as 'wild type' (as denoted by the '⁺' symbol) because it is the most common in wild populations. It is dominant over 'B', 'b^S', 'b' and 'b^l' but recessive to 'B^A'. It is a Coarse Distribution Pigment, so generally the head, neck and tail are a darker greyed blue, while the body is a paler shade of the same. Sometimes wing feathers will be flecked with the darker blue as well.
Smooth Brown _{(No Image Yet)}	b^S	Smooth Brown is a Smooth Distribution Pigment, meaning that it covers the entire body with a chocolate brown hue. It is dominant over 'b' and 'b^l', but the more dominant colours ('B^A', 'B⁺', and 'B') will mask it.
Brown _{Brown Bar}	b	Brown is the second most recessive of the base colours, meaning that in males, it must be paired with itself (homozygous) or with 'b^l' to be shown. It is a Coarse Distribution Pigment, meaning that it is mostly greyed brown colour in the head, neck and tail, with a paler, silvered dun colour across the rest of the body. The brown pigment is composed in such a way that it fades faster than Blue or Ash Red, so wings tend to fade and eventually fray as the winged cat ages.
Light Brown _{(No Image Yet)}	b^l	Light Brown is the most recessive base colour, meaning that all other colours (with the exception of Orange -- see above!) will mask it. In order for Light Brown to show in a cat, it must be the only gene carried (in females) and homozygous (in males). Light Brown is a Smooth Distribution Pigment, meaning that the cat is evenly coloured a warm terra cotta brown colour across the body.

Pattern Series (Autosomal)
The Pattern Series determines how heavily the cat is patterned, and across which part of the body. There are Wing Patterns and Body Patterns, and while each shows its own order of dominance, if the cat carries one of each, it will show the appropriate patterns across its entire body. For example, a cat showing C^T//t^b will show Velvet Checker markings on its wings, and Classic Tabby markings across its body. Note that Agouti works differently in Winged Cats than it does in real ones: Agouti ('T^A') is equivalent to 'barless ('c') because it's on the same allele as the rest of the tabby patterns. 'T^A', however, will mask all patterns, including those shown on the wings. It also masks the Coarse Distribution Pigment so that only the paler version of the same is shown across the entire cat. While other genes may affect the base colour or the patterns themselves, this series is common to all winged cats. Because it is 'autosomal', both males and females receive two of each gene. 'Autosomal' means that the genes are not located on the same gene that determine sex. For all winged cats, the base colour affects the pattern colour. In Orange cats, this colour becomes a darker, richer red colour. Ash Red winged cats show a darker, greyed-out brick red. In Blue winged cats, it tends to be a darker grey-blue. Black cats show a darker version of the same. Smooth Brown cats will often show a much darker brown, almost black colour to their patterns. In Brown winged cats, the colour takes on a darker greyed brown. Lastly, in Light Brown winged cats, the pattern area tends to be a rich, dark brown.
Agouti _{Brown Agouti}	T^A	The most dominant of the body pattern genes, Agouti will mask any other pattern gene, even those shown on the wings. It will also cause Coarse Distribution Pigment cats (Ash Red, Blue and Brown) to display only the pale portions of their colours across their entire bodies. Smooth Distribution Pigment cats will simply look a solid colour (or in special cases, like Torties with orange mixed with another colour.)
Ticked Tabby _{(No Image Yet)}	T^Ti	Ticked Tabby is the second most dominant body pattern gene. Agouti will mask it, but if paired with Mackerel Tabby ('T^Ma') or Classic Tabby ('t^cl') it will show through. Ticked tabby patterns give the appearance of a flecked or freckled appearance across the body of the cat. In Coarse Distribution Pigment cats, the ticking tends to be quite dark at the head and sometimes tail, and lighter across the paler part of the body.
Spotted Tabby _{(No Image Yet)}	T^Sp	Spotted Tabby is really a variation on Mackerl Tabby and Classic Tabby, merely breaking those original patterns. Agouti and Ticked Tabby mask this gene, but when displayed with Mackerel or Classic Tabby, Spotted will break the pattern up into spots or even rosettes. Spotted Tabby appears to create freckles when displayed homozygously. When paired with wing-patterns it appears to extend those effects (barred, checkered, etc.) out into the body in broken spots or rosettes.
Mackerel Tabby _{(No Image Yet)}	T^Ma	Mackerel Tabby is dominant to Classic Tabby ('t^cl'), but recessive to Ticked Tabby ('T^Ti'). This pattern gives darker, tiger-like stripes across the cats body. In Coarse Distribution Pigment cats, the colour tends to be much darker over the darker pigment, and much paler across the rest of the body.
Classic Tabby _{(No Image Yet)}	t^cl	Classic Tabby gives heavily whorled patterns across the body, with thicker stripes across the legs and patterns like bulls-eyes or spirals on the sides. It is the most recessive body pattern gene, meaning that a cat has to have either two Classic Tabby genes (t^cl//t^cl) or share the Classic Tabby gene with a wing pattern gene. On Coarse Distribution Pigment cats, this pattern is much paler across the body than at the head and other darkly pigmented areas.
T-Pattern Check (Also 'Velvet') _{Blue Velvet Checker}	C^T	The most dominant of the wing pattern series, Velvet or 'T-Pattern' causes a heavy spread of darker colour across the top of the wings, leaving paler specks of undercolour along the tips of each feather. It may darken the head and neck as well.
Dark Checker _{Ash Red Dark Checker}	C^D	The second most dominant wing pattern, Dark Checker heavily marks each feather, much like the Velvet gene, though more undercolour shows through at the tips. This pattern may extend a bit across the body even without the help of the body pattern series, generally showing up at the shoulders and haunches.
Checker _{Brown Checker}	C	The third-most dominant wing pattern, Checker produces bars of darker colour along the middle of the wing, and marks the tips of each feather with darker colour as well. The very tips of each feather may be fainter in colour. This pattern may also extend across haunches and shoulders.
Light Checker _{Blue Light Checker}	C^L	The fourth-most dominant pattern, Light Checker marks the tips of each feather with darker colour (more on the flights than the back-most feathers), creates two bars along the middle of the wings, and ensures a darkening of the tail. It may also extend across shoulders and haunches, though only faintly.
Barred _{Ash Red Bar}	C⁺	While it is the fifth-most dominant wing pattern, Barred is the most common pattern in feral winged cats, so it is denoted with the wild-type '⁺' symbol. It produces two bar-like markings across the middle of the wing, and ensures a darkening of the tail.
Barless _{Brown Barless}	c	The most recessive of the wing pattern series, this gene removes bar-markings from the winged cat, though it appears that it will still cause the tail to darken. It does not have any affect on the body pattern series if the cat also carries one of those genes.

Dilutions (Sex-Linked)
This series dilutes the entire body, both pattern and base colour. Since it is sex-linked, males can receive two of each gene, while females will receive only one.
Full Colour _{Blue Bar}	D⁺	The most dominant level of dilution is also the one most commonly found in the wild, hence it's '⁺' symbol. In this case, if a cat does not display a 'D' gene then it is assumed to be homozygous for Full Colour. When D⁺ or just a '+' symbol is paired with any of its more recessive genes, it will mask that level of dilution. It's easier to breed dilute females than males because the female only has one of the gene to show!
Pale _{Ash Red Pale Dark Checker}	d^P	Recessive to Full Colour, but dominant over the rest, 'Pale' does not have much effect on most winged cats. It works most noticeably on Orange, Red and Bronze genes where it changes these colours to a rich gold.
Dilute _{Blue Dilute Light Checker}	d	Dilute changes Ash Red and Recessive Red to 'yellow', which looks more like a dark cream colour. It turns Blue into 'silver dun', which looks pale greyish brown. It turns Brown into 'khaki', which looks like a pale greyed-cream. For the Smooth Distribution Pigment series, it turns Orange into 'Cream', which is a pale, warm beige colour. Black becomes 'blue', which is a richer, blue-grey colour than Blue in the Coarse Distribution series. Smooth Brown turns to 'lilac', which is a light, warm, purplish grey hue. Light Brown becomes 'fawn', which looks warm, light brown like toffee or coffee-and-cream. Dilute also gives winged cats 'false pearl'-coloured irises -- that is, white-coloured eyes. Note that the Dilute gene affects base colour, but not the colour of the cat's pattern.
Extreme Dilute (Also 'Lemon') _{Brown Extreme Dilute Checker}	d^ex	Extreme Dilute turns the winged cat mostly white, with patterns that are very faint in colour. Ash Reds turn very pale cream, while Blues turn very pale warm brown. Browns turn a very pale shade of warm grey. Orange cats turn nearly white, Black cats turn very pale blue-grey, Smooth brown cats turn very pale warm grey, and Light Browns turn very pale warm brown, richer than a Blue would be. Extreme Dilute also causes 'false pearl'-coloured irises, or rather, white-coloured eyes.

Colour Reductions (Sex-Linked)
This series affects patterns and base colours not by diluting them, but by reducing the intensity of the pigment. Since it is also sex-linked, males receive two of each gene and females receive one.
Full Colour _{Ash Red Bar}	R⁺	Causes a normal, non-reduced winged cat. This is the most dominant gene and is also found most commonly in the wild. If no 'R' gene is present in the code, assume that it is R⁺ or +, as it essentially translates to 'no mutation here.'
Reduced _{Blue Reduced Dark Checker}	r	This gene reduces the intensity of the pigment in the winged cat. It is most noticeable in Blue cats, where it turns the base colour cream. In Blue cats, the darker patterns in the wings, and/or body turns various shades of pink and rust, while the tail, head and neck fade to grey. Any iridescent luster in the neck takes on a more pastel pink-to-green cast. Similar reductions happen with Ash Red and Brown winged cats, though they are not as pronounced. In the Smooth Distribution Pigment series, Blacks will fade to grey with patterns turning various hues of rust and pink. Changes to cats who show Orange, Smooth Brown and Light Brown are less pronounced but generally faintly paler, with faintly redder patterns.
Rubella _{Blue Rubella Light Checker}	r^ru	While Rubella lightens the winged cat all over, it is most noticeable in the pattern area. Markings become noticeably reddish-brown, with some being reddish-brown towards the center and full-colour on the outer edges. In its hemizygous state in females it lightens the tail, in its homozygous state in males it turns the tail almost white. Rubella causes primary wing feathers to lighten considerably while leaving the tips at full colour. On Smooth Brown, Brown and Light Brown winged cats, the pattern area becomes more rust-coloured.

'Almond Family' Masking Effect (Sex-Linked)
This series largely masks portions of the body with white, leaving bits of colour to show through dependent upon the level of dominance. It's another sex-linked gene, so males will receive two of each gene while females will receive only one. The Almond Family series can affect males slightly differently than females, with males showing more white if they are homozygous for the Almond gene.
Almond _{Brown Almond Velvet Checker}	St	Homozygous 'St' genes are lethal! Beware breeding an Almond male to an Almond female, as there is a chance that some of the offspring will not survive! Almond creates a mask of white across the winged cat with flecks of colour at random across its entire body. This pattern is most visible in darker-patterned winged cats such as Classic Tabbies, Velvets (or 'T-Check' patterns) and Spreads. Almond possesses incomplete dominance with Recessive Red, meaning that in winged cats that also have Recessive Red genes, more Recessive Red will show through than on the average Almond.
Hickory _{Blue Hickory Bar}	St^H	Very much like Almond, though homozygous males are safe from Almond's lethal effects. Hickory leaves the tail free of white, and if the winged cat carries a pattern that shows bars, these will also show through.
Qualmond _{Blue Qualmond Dark Checker}	St^Q	Qualmond creates a mask of a more greyed white than Almond. In addition, the flecks of colour are smaller, fewer and further between than an Almond's coloured flecks. Homozygous males are paler with even fewer flecks than heterozygous males and hemizygous females.
Frosty _{Brown Frosty Velvet Checker}	St^Fr	Frosty only really affects homozygous males, though it is more dominant than the genes listed below it. It slightly lightens the long flight feathers of the cat's wings toward the shaft of each feather.
Faded _{Ash Red Faded Bar}	St^F	Faded causes the cat to become partially faded or bleached in colour, with very little if any flecking of colour. Homozygous males are whitish with a sandy effect on the tail, tips of the flight feathers, and neck.
Chalky _{Ash Red Chalky Checker}	St^C	Chalky affects the base colours of the cat, making Ash Red look orange-ish, Blue look more like a chalky blue-grey, and Brown look chalky-brown. In Smooth Distribution Pigment cats, this change is more pronounced: Orange becomes a greyer, lighter shade, Black looks blue-grey (richer than Blue and more evenly distributed across the body), Smooth Brown looks chalky, but richer than Brown, and Light Brown looks more buff, almost cream.
Sandy _{Blue Sandy Dark Checker}	St^sa	Sandy works similarly to Faded, producing slight flicking bits of colour, though the flecks are more common and each fleck is generally smaller.
Wild Type _{Brown Bar}	st⁺	The most recessive but also the most common in the wild, this gene codes for regular colour and pattern, or 'no mutation'. If no 'St' genes show up in the cat, it's presumed that it is homozygous or hemizygous for wild type at this locus.

Spread (Autosomal)
Spread causes the pigment in Coarse Distribution Pigment cats to become evenly spread across its body. Because the kind of pigment in a cat varies between its wings and its body, the colours of the spread may appear slightly different. In the wings, pigment is distributed in such a way that various mutations of wing-colours tend to be more reddish in colour in Blue cats. On the body, pigment that is reduced might allow reddish-coloured wings and then have pale grey tails, heads and necks. The way that light reflects from the distribution of the feather or fur causes a slight change in colour! Smooth Distribution Pigment cats (Black, Smooth Brown, Light Brown and Orange) are unaffected by the Spread gene, as their pigmentation is already smoothly distributed.
Spread	S	More dominant than the non-spread gene, Spread causes the entire cat to look Ash Red, or Black ('Blue' is actually caused by Black pigment, and is given its colour due to the way it is distributed on hairs and feathers!), or Brown. Spread is itself masked by whitening effects as well as Recessive Red. In the case of whitening (such as dilution, or the various Almond effects), the body will be diluted or covered with white. All feathers and fur beneath this effect will be an evenly spread base colour. Recessive Red will evenly distribute a brick red colour across the body, regardless of the cats base colour.
Non-Spread	s⁺	Non-Spread allows the usual medley of colours and patterns to show through. Its '⁺' symbol marks it as 'wild-type', so if a cat does not carry any 'S' genes, assume that is is homozygous for s⁺.

Opal Effects (Autosomal)
Despite its name, 'opal' is not as vibrant or exciting in winged cats as in Nexus dragons. Because it is autosomal, both males and females receive two copies of this gene. Opal tends to cause wing markings to gain various levels of rusty red depending on the cat.
Dominant Opal	O^d	Homozygous 'O^d' genes are lethal! Beware breeding two Dominant Opal cats together, as there is a chance that some of the offspring will not survive! This gene does not show up very well in 'Barred' or 'Barless' patterned cats. Dominant Opal washes out the flight feathers and tail, and causes darker banding along the tail instead of the usual dark point that is common to most cats. Dominant Opal will sometimes cause wing bar patterns to look pinkish, or to have pinkish coloured edges. It may even turn wing-bars white! In the various checker patterns, it turns the pattern areas various shades of cream, pink and orange.
Non-Opal	O⁺	This wild-type gene simply indicates that no opal modifiers are in effect.
Recessive Opal	o	Recessive Opal was once said to have a 'red phase' and a 'blue phase', but 'red phase' has now been identified as 'cherry', an allele of blue phase. In Spreads (including Smooth Distribution Pigment -- Orange, Black, Smooth Brown and Light Brown), Recessive Opal causes a very metallic looking pastel colour. The feathers of Recessive Opal cats may take on black or dark edging. 'Blue phase' Recessive Opal affects the pattern series of the cat, and the effects can range from very pale metallic to very dark; differentiating in Spread or Velvet patterns as being very metallic looking. The tail of a Recessive Opal cat is usually washed out grey with some barring along its length. Longer fur and the cats feathers are often laced with a darker outline.
Cherry	o^ch	Cherry is an allele of its 'blue phase' form, and refers to the 'red phase' of recessive opal. In Velvet (also known as T-pattern) cats, cherry is a pastel red sheen on a metallic grey body, with a maroon to green luster at the neck. In its barred form, cherry looks similar to an Ash Red Bar: dark rusty red bars on a warm metallic body. Blue cats with the Velvet or Checker phenotypes produce a lot of pastel reddish pink on a metallic body.

Recessive Red (Autosomal)
Recessive Red seems to affect the base colour of a cat, while Ember, its locus-mate, seems to affect the pattern area as well as the base colour. Both are recessive to wild-type, and are affected by (or affect) other genes in a number of interesting ways.
Non-Red Effects	E⁺	Wild-type is dominant to Recessive red, so if the cat does not show any 'E' genes, one can assume that it is homozygous for E⁺, and has no mutation at this allele.
Ember	e^Em	Ember cats start out life looking very much like Recessive Red cats, their base colours being replaced with a brownish red colour. However, by the time that an Ember reaches maturity, most of its body loses the red colour to show whatever its base colours were, with a few exceptions. A reddish 'glow' marks the center of its flight feathers and pattern areas (for example, on a Blue cat the center of each bar would be a reddish colour while the outer edges would be black.) Its neck also retains a more red colour than non-Ember littermates. When combined with dilution genes, Ember becomes a golden yellow or golden cream colour and seems to warm the entire body. In combination with 'Sooty' Ember appears to remain more mahogany red with a stronger distribution. Ember will affect body patterns such as tabby markings, though in Smooth Distribution Pigment cats (Orange, Black, Smooth Brown and Light Brown,) the reddish hue often seen in the necks of Ash Red, Blue or Brown cats is more evenly distributed across the body.
Recessive Red	e	Recessive Red blocks the original base colour, replacing all Orange, Ash Red, Black, Blue, Smooth Brown, Brown and Light Brown with a rich, dark reddish colour. When combined with dilution it pales to a rich gold. The only difference here is in the Smooth vs. Coarse Distribution pigments: Ash Red, Blue and Brown cats will have red heads, necks (and in Blue and Brown cats, tails as well), and pale bodies. The rest will be an even shade of rusty red.

Grizzle Family (Autosomal)
The Grizzle Family works to cause white pigment in feathers in different ways, some within the same feather, and some on feathers that are side by side. It also affects the hairs of the rest of the body.
White Grizzle	G^W	White Grizzle makes a cat nearly white in its heterozygous state with frosting of pigment at feather-tips, while homozygous White Grizzle turns a cat nearly pure white.
Tiger Grizzle	G^T	This form of Grizzle causes white feathers to appear beside regularly pigmented feathers. There are generally more white feathers than pigmented ones. Tiger Grizzle is co-dominant with Grizzle, meaning that if a cat has 'G^T//G,' both effects will show through. This gene does not affect the patterns or colour of the wings and tail, just includes white feathers throughout.
Grizzle _{Blue Grizzle Velvet Checker}	G	Grizzle works to whiten the center of each feather, so that while the part of the feather near the shaft is white, colour fades in around the edges. In its homozygous state, Grizzle causes the cat to become mostly white, with pigmented wing-tips and tail. Thicker patterns and Spread will mask this gene, causing more colour to show through. In Ash Red cats, Grizzle works the opposite: the feathers are white towards the edges and coloured towards the shaft. Homozygous Grizzled Ash Reds are nearly completely white.
Non-Grizzle	G⁺	The typical wild-type gene on the Grizzle allele. If a cat possesses this gene it means 'no mutation for grizzle'; assume that the cat is homozygous for this gene if there is no mention of a 'G' gene!

Albino Series (Autosomal)
The Albino series describes a masking of colour in the body (and to a certain extent, the wings) of a cat. This series includes alleles for causing the paling of the body colour and patterns in both Coarse and Smooth Distribution colours.
Full Colour	C⁺	The most dominant allele of this series means that the cat does not show any sort of albinism. If 'C⁺' is absent from the cat's genetic code, assume that it's homozygous for full colour. When coupled with a more recessive gene, it will mask that gene and be displayed in the cat's code as 'C⁺' or simply '+'
Sepia	c^b	Sepia is co-dominant with pointed, but is more dominant than blue-eyed albino ('c^a') or pink-eyed albino ('c'). This gene causes the cat's body to pale faintly, such that Smooth Distribution Pigment cats (Orange, Black, Smooth Brown and Light Brown) look very similar to Coarse Distribution Pigment cats -- their heads, tails, and feet are regular body colour, while their bodies are lightened. When Sepia is combined with Pointed ('c^b//c^s'), the cat's body pales further while leaving the cat's points the same as their base colour. This combination is sometimes referred to as 'Mink'.
Pointed _{Light Brown Pointed}	c^s	Pointed is co-dominant with sepia, but is more dominant than blue-eyed albino ('c^a') or pink-eyed albino ('c'). This gene causes the cat's body to whiten, leaving the head, tail and points the same as their underlying colours. When Pointed is combined with Sepia ('c^b//c^s'), the cat's body is paled, but still shows some of its base colour, while leaving the cat's points the same as their original colour. This combination is sometimes referred to as 'Mink'. Along with the coat-altering properties of this gene, Pointed cats tend to have blue eyes, completely masking whatever colour they might otherwise have had.
Blue-Eyed Albino	c^a	Recessive to Sepia and Pointed, 'c^a' produces white all over the body, masking both pattern and base colour pigment. The cats eyes become a pale blue, and the cat may have issues wither with sight or hearing.
Pink-Eyed Albino	c	The most recessive of the Albino Series, Albino strips all pigment from the cat, leaving its eyes a reddish pink and its body completely white. The cat may have issues with sight and bright sunlight.

White Spotting (Autosomal)
White Spotting genes are similar to those of Grizzle, but tend to affect the cat more across the entire body. These particular White Spotting genes will cause blue or odd-coloured eyes if the white reaches that area of the face. White spotting that develops because of this gene will often cause deafness if the white covers the ears. The alleles of the White Spotting genes are all co-dominant, meaning that if one gene displays with another, the effects of both will show through.
Dominant White	Z^W	The most dominant of the White Spotting genes, Dominant White masks all pigment and pattern of the cat, causing blue eyes. Homozygous 'Z^W//Z^W' genes are fatal.
Van	Z^V	Van White is the second most dominant of the White Spotting genes, leaving all but the ears and tail-tip white. The eyes of these cats are usually blue.
Bicolour	Z^B	The third most dominant of the White Spotting genes: A cat who carries both Z^V and Z^B will show a pattern known as 'Harlequin'. That is, The ears and tail-tip will be coloured, but patches of fur and feathers along the body will display colour as well. The rest of the body is white. When not paired with Z^V, Bicolour leaves patches of white across the body, usually on the legs, belly and neck. These patterns appear to be random.
Undergrizzle	Z^Ug	This gene is not a part of the Grizzle family, but earns its name because of its similar effect. Undergrizzle causes a salt and pepper effect of pigment and white towards the center of each feather, though does not affect the rest of the body. In its homozygous state, more white shows through though the tips of each feather remain pigmented. The white effect of a homozygous Undergrizzle extend to its tail, making it completely white.
No White Spotting	Z⁺	The third most dominant of the genes, Z⁺ simply means that there is no white spotting of any kind on the cat. This gene masks all of the more recessive White Spotting genes listed below.
Gazzi	z	Gazzi whitens the body and neck of the cat, leaving the head, wings and tail their original colours.
Pencilled	z^pc	Pencilled causes a rough salt and pepper look along the wings, as if each feather has had a pencil rubbing left on it. This darkening of this static-like marking is heaviest near the pattern areas and fades to white across the rest of the wing, leaving the body its normal colour.
Frill Stencil	z^fs	Frill Stencil does not show well with Ash Red, however in the rest of the base colours, it affects the tail and flight wings by lacing them with white over its base colour. The interior of each feather is white as well. This gene may also cause spotting of white along the tail.
Recessive White	z^wh	Recessive White prevents the production of pigment at the surface level of the body, even if pigment below the surface continues to be produced. This extends to the eye: the eye will appear dark brown (rather than the blue of the above White Spotting genes) due to lack of pigment in the iris. In the dark, these cats' eyes would flash red.

Shading (Autosomal)
The Shading Series causes pigment in each hair of the cat to be blocked at a certain point, so that depending on how much of the hair is blocked, only the tips might show colour, or the patterns, leaving the rest of the hair either white ('silvered') or golden ('rufoused'.) Though the genes that cause this effect in real life have not been determined to a science, in Winged Cats, they are as follows:
Golden	Go	This gene is separate from those below, but determines whether the cat's shading is gold or silver. If it is present but none of the Shading series genes are, it lies dormant. It is dominant to Silver shading.
Silver	+	This gene is separate from the shading genes below. If no Golden gene is present ('+//+') then the shading below will remain silver. If paired with Golden ('Go//+') the shading of the cat will appear a rich, golden cream or apricot colour.
Chinchilla Shading	Sh^Ch	Each hair only displays colour at the very tip, blocking any patterning on the body and leaving only the faintest colour on each tip. The cat appears white (or golden cream, if the Golden gene is present) at first glance, though sparkles with colour on closer inspection. When Golden is present, this phenotype is known as 'Golden Chinchilla'.
Shaded Silver	Sh^Si	The cat is paler silver than normal, and does not display any tabby pattern on its body. the coloured tips are long enough that the normal colour is clearly visible, particularly along the head and spine. When the Golden gene is present, this becomes 'Shaded Golden'.
Silver Tabby	Sh^Ta	Any tabby pattern of the cat's body is enhanced, as the stripes remain at full colour, while the hairs around them are silver in colour. When the Golden gene is present, this becomes 'Golden Tabby'.
Smoke	Sh^Sm	The cat looks to be normally coloured, though portions where it moves show a white undercoat. When the Golden gene is present, this becomes, 'Golden Smoke'.
Full Colour	Sh⁺	Recessive to the Shading genes, full colour indicates that there is no blockage of colour or replacement with a golden hue. Can be represented by '+' as well as 'Sh⁺'. When no symbol for shading appears in a cat's genetic code, assume that it is homozygous for full colour. If the Golden gene is present, but no shading genes accompany it, the Golden gene lays dormant.

Dominant Autosomal Mutations
The following genes do not come in a series like the genes above, but possess individual niches on a cat's chromosomes. When paired with wild type (⁺), they will show in a heterozygous state.
Archangel Bronze	Ar	Archangel Bronze is named after a breed of pigeon that displays a coppery bronze effect from the head through to the base of the tail, leaving only the wings and tail their natural colour. When affected by the dilute series, this coppery bronze turns a creamy gold colour. Archangel Bronze is often seen paired with the Iridescent gene, (ir//ir); this and the Gimpel gene (Gp//Gp) can cause a lustrous metallic pink effect along the length of the bronze portions of the cat.
Baldhead Pattern	Bh	This gene will cause a patch of white to form on a cat's head, much like a bald eagle.
Bleached	Bl	This gene causes the cats pigment to fade over time, so that while it might possess full colour as a kitten, by adulthood it appears faded.
Drizzle	Drz	Drizzle lightens the wings, tail and neck of Coarse Distribution Pigment cats, meaning Ash Reds, Blues and Browns. Sometimes the cats head is as pale as the rest of its body. Drizzle also causes whitening to occur near the shafts of larger feathers. It tends to pale Smooth Distribution Pigment cats (Orange, Black, Smooth Brown and Light Brown) evenly.
Gimpel	Gp	Gimpel is responsible for the luster of the cat's neck, causing a bronze and metallic pink effect both along the neck and sometimes in the flight feathers.
Indigo	In	Indigo affects pattern markings: it turns a Blue's markings into rust red, while its tail becomes a very dark navy blue. Mixing Indigo with a Blue Spread will cause an even distribution of this dark navy blue colour across the entire body. On Brown, Indigo looks like a browner version of an Ash Red. An Ash Red with Indigo has a darker head than usual. On all cats, Indigo creates a washed-out tail ring or two. In Orange cats, the entire body turns slightly darker than usual, including the markings. In Blacks, Indigo works affects only the markings, leaving rust red markings on a black body. On Smooth Brown and Light Brown, Indigo turns the fur faintly redder, with darker markings.
Kite Bronze	K	Causes an intense bronze pigment to show in the neck and wings. Best displayed on a Velvet or Dark Checker Blue cat, or on a Black or Smooth Brown cat, as it affects the pattern area the most strongly. This gene does not show well on Ash Reds or Oranges, being fairly similar in colour.
Sooty	So	Sooty causes small dark bits of flecking along the wing's shields towards the center of each feather. It may give the appearance of smudging up the pattern of the cat. In Black, Blue, Smooth Brown, Brown and Light Brown cats, the feathers tend to hold darkening more towards the center, whereas with Orange and Ash Red cats, the Sooty pattern tends to be more evenly spread with paler edges. As the cat ages, the Sooty pattern grows stronger.
Toy Stencil	Ts	Toy Stencil causes white patterns, such as white bars or checks. It does not affect the tail area.
Dirty	V	'Dirty' will darken the cat and enrich its colours. It tends to work well with Spread, Bronzing and Recessive Red, though it may interfere with other combinations of modifiers. On Black, Blue, Orange, and Ash Red, Dirty gives the cat a dirty, or darkened appearance. On Smooth Brown, Brown and Light Brown, Dirty improves the richness of colour.
White Tailed	Wt	White Tailed appears to remove pigment from the tail of the cat.

Recessive Autosomal Mutations
The following genes do not come in a series like the genes above, but possess individual niches on a cat's chromosomes. They need to be homozygous in order to express on the cat. When paired with wild-type (⁺) they will not show through.
Ice	ic	Ice pales the body but darkens the pattern area, and leaves a ring or two of dark colour around the tail-tip. In Blue, Black, Smooth Brown and Light Brown cats, the body becomes grey and the markings are black, while in Ash Red, Orange and Brown cats, Ice dilutes the body into a pale cream with a dark pattern area.
Iridescence	ir	Iridescence produces a sheen produced over the feathers, which shows more easily on dark colours than light ones. On a black background, it appears as beetle green, blue or purple sheen, its intensity affected by light source. On Brown, it is not as brilliant, and it barely shows on Ash Reds and Oranges. On Bronze, the sheen shows pinkish, purple, or pastel green.
Mahogany	ma	A bronzing effect in the pattern areas, turning markings bronze.
Milky	my	Causes the non-patterned parts of the wings to fade to white.
Pink-Eyed Dilute	pd	Though the kittens born homozygous for pink-eyed dilute are weaker than others, with especial care they will survive into adulthood. Cats showing Pink-Eyed Dilute appear almost as a half-form of albinism, wherein colours are much paler than normal, and the eyes, as the name suggests, are a paler form of albino red.
Platinum	pl	Platinum dilutes the head and wings of Coarse Distribution Pigment cats, being most prominently visible in Blues by turning them a silvery colour. The effect is less noticeable in Browns, which turn a chalky, warm grey, and is barely noticeable in Ash Red cats. When combined with other paling genes, Platinum can sometimes produce a pale lavender colour across affected areas. In Smooth Distribution Pigment cats, Platinum dilutes the cat's entire body: Blacks take on a silvery colour, Smooth Browns and Light Browns take on paler, greyish brown. The effect is not noticeable in Orange cats.
Smoky	sy	Smoky darkens and greys the base colour of a cat, but lightens its skin colour. It will also eliminate the white tail tip that sometimes appears in Blue and Brown cats. The effects of Smoky do not appear in Ash Red or Orange cats, but cause Black, Smooth Brown, and Light Brown cats to look darker than usual.
Pearl Iris	tr	Causes a white pigment in the iris causing an eye with a white to red colour.

Trait Scales
Trait Scales are not necessarily defined in terms of genetics, but rather measure two opposing traits in each cat, and run a scale from 0 to 100. A trait at either end of the spectrum means that a cat has proclivities more towards that trait (being noisy versus being quiet, for example). A trait that is about half-way along the spectrum denotes a cat that is balanced. Breeding two cats with similar traits (two somewhat noisy cats) will occasionally lead to an offspring that is even noisier, or larger, or social. Breeding two cats with opposing traits will generally lead to more balanced offspring, but not always.
Size	(0) Small <-> Large (100)	The Size scale determines how large a winged cat can get. The very smallest winged cats are pigeon-sized (About one foot tall at the shoulder), while the very largest can match medium-sized dogs in height (between two and two and a half feet tall at the shoulder). These, however, are extremes. Most winged cats fall somewhere between.
Domestication	(0) Semi-Feral <-> Socially Adept (100)	The Domestication scale determines whether a cat is more prone to pursue outdoor life, or to prefer life with its owners and others outside its breed. Semi-Feral winged cats flock together and scatter when humans or other creatures attempt to approach. They are generally extremely proficient hunters of vermin, but are very difficult to make comfortable indoors. Socially adept winged cats are useless when presented with vermin or bugs but rarely flinch even in the company of rambunctious children. The Domestication scale is separate from the Friendliness scale owing to the fact that some semi-feral cats are more outgoing, and some indoor winged cats are more aloof.
Friendliness	(0) Aloof <-> Cuddly (100)	The Friendliness scale determines whether a cat is willing to approach another (or an owner) and to demand attention. Most winged cats are fairly friendly -- even semi-feral cats may occasionally jot up for a scratch -- but very aloof ones tend to avoid direct contact unless under very specific circumstances. Cuddly cats are just that: they will often sacrifice the time of whomever is nearby to lay on, lick at, drool on, be petted by, and otherwise share personal space with.
Noisiness	(0) Silent <-> Yowly (100)	Winged Cats are generally not extremely noisy: they purr and occasionally demand attention, but those who are closer to silent must be put right up to the ear to hear a purr, and those who are particularly yowly one might prefer to keep as far away from the ear as possible.

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